Autoimmune Diseases

The autoimmunity is the inability of an organism to recognize its own constituent parts as, from which an immune response against its own cells and tissues.

Autoimmune diseases are generated by a hyperactive immune response against the substances and tissues normally present in the body. To date, more than 40 diseases have been classified as autoimmune and affect approximately 5-7% of the population. Almost all autoimmune diseases appear without warning or apparent cause, and most patients suffer from fatigue.

U.S. and British studies have found that autoimmune diseases are the result of a loss of tolerance, or the ability of an organism to distinguish self from non self.
The exact genesis of immunological tolerance is still unknown.

Other factors that may contribute to the development of an autoimmune disease:
Genetic: Some individuals are genetically susceptible to developing an autoimmune disease
Gender: Most of the known autoimmune diseases affect women more, except for ankylosing spondylitis and Crohn's disease.
Environment: it has been noticed an inverse relationship between infectious diseases and autoimmune diseases. In areas where more than one type of infectious disease is widespread in endemic, autoimmune diseases are quite rare, and vice versa. This correlation is attributed to the strategies of immune manipulation of pathogens, some chemicals and drugs (such as lupus erythematosus), certain diseases, overexposure to pesticides and toxins.

Autoimmune diseases can generally be divided into systemic and organ-specific or localized:
Systemic: This category includes diseases that affect the whole body, inducing an autoimmune reaction directed against type substances that act as antigens that are found in cells of various tissues. Include systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren syndrome, polymyositis
Organ-specific: some autoimmune reactions occur at the expense of specific antigens present in individual organs or systems, and determine in these organs infiltration of lymphocytes and monocytes. Include Addison's disease, diabetes mellitus type I, of Hashimoto thyroiditis, pemphigus vulgaris, alopecia aerated, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, Basedow's disease, Crohn's disease.

Autoimmune diseases detected

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis: the form of encephalitis caused by an autoimmune reaction that typically develops a few days or weeks from a viral infection or vaccination

Addison's disease: often caused by autoimmune destruction of the adrenal cortex

Ankylosing spondylitis: arthritis, chronic, painful and progressive, which affects mainly the spinal column and the sacro-iliac joints

Antiphospholipid antibodies syndrome: affects the process of blood clotting and causes the formation of blood clots in the veins and / or in the arteries

Aplastic anemia: autoimmune attack cord blood

Autoimmune Hepatitis: Liver autoimmune attack

Autoimmune Ooforite: the immune system attacks the female reproductive system

Celiac disease: chronic inflammation of the proximal portion of the small intestine caused by gluten nutrition

Crohn's disease: inflammatory intestine disorder characterized d infiammazione chronic intestinal tract.

The main symptoms are abdominal pain and diarrhea

Diabetes mellitus type I: When is characterized by deficient or absent production of insulin is often a consequence of the autoimmune beta-cells in islets of Langerhans of the pancreas

Gestational pemphigoid: formation of blisters due to the pregnancy from an antibody attack against the skin

Goodpasture's syndrome: disease characterized by the rapid destruction of the kidneys and lung hemorrhage caused by an autoimmune reaction against antigens that are found in these organs

Graves disease is the most common form of hyperthyroidism, caused by anti-thyroid antibodies that stimulate the thyroid hormone overproduction

Guillain-Barré syndrome: acquired inflammatory disorder of the peripheral nervous system, also known as acute inflammatory polyneuropathy diemelinizzante, poliradicolonevrite idiopathic acute polinevriti idiopathic acute paralysis of Landry

Hashimoto's disease: common form of hypothyroidism characterized by initial inflammation of the thyroid and, subsequently, by the dysfunction and goiter

Idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura: the body produces anti-platelet antibodies and a low number of platelets

Kawasaki disease: caused by an autoimmune attack on the arteries around the heart

Lupus erythematosus: the immune system attacks normal tissue, causing inflammation and a range of symptoms. It's a chronic systemic autoimmune disease

Multiple sclerosis: disorders of the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) characterized by decreased nerve function due to myelin loss and secondary damage to axons

Myasthenia gravis: neuromuscular transmission disorder that leads to weakness and fatigue. The weakness is caused by circulating antibodies that block the receptors of acetilcolina located in neuromuscular junctions

Opsoclono-mioclono syndrome: neurological disorder caused by an immune attack to the nervous system, characterized by symptoms such as opsoclono, mioclono, ataxia, intentional tremor, dysphasia, dysarthria, mutism, hypotonia, irritability or malaise. About 50% of cases of opsoclono-mioclono syndrome are associated with neurblastoma

Optic neuritis: inflammation of the optic nerve that can cause partial or total loss of vision

Ord of thyroiditis: thyroiditis similar to that of Hasimoto, except for the reduced size of the thyroid

Pemphigus: autoimmune disorder that causes the formation of blisters and sores on the inflamed skin and mucous

Pernicious anemia: autoimmune disorder characterized by anemia related to vitamin B12 malabsorption

Polyarthritis in dogs: autoimmune reaction that affects the joints of dogs and, although rare, can render a dog immobile even at a young age

Primary biliary cirrhosis: autoimmune disease that affects the biliary cells of epitelio. Although a case has yet to be determined, most patients have anti-mitochondrial antibodies

Rheumatoid arthritis: autoimmune disease that affects the joints of the bones

Reiter syndrome: autoimmune attack on various body systems in response to bacterial infection

Sjögren's syndrome: autoimmune disorder in which immune cells attack and destroy esocrine glands that produce tears and saliva

Of Takayasu arteritis: a disorder that involves narrowing of the lumen of the arteries

Temporal arteritis: inflammation of blood vessels, especially large and medium arteries of the head. If not treated, this condition can cause vision loss

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia: disorder characterized of immonoglobulina M from attack against red blood cells

Wegener granulomatosis: the form of vascular affecting the lungs, kidneys and other organs

Suspected autoimmune diseases

Alopecia universal disorder which shows the lack of hair and hair

Behçet's disease: chronic disease caused by disturbances in the immune system to become hyperactive, and produces violent episodes borne inflammatory blood vessel

Chagas disease (or American trypanosomiasis): a disease caused by this parasite in the Americas. Symptoms of the acute stage of the disease are quite light and generally confined to a localized swelling infected. With progression of disease (the course can also be 20 years) are some chronic symptoms such as deformation or intestines cardaiche

Chronic fatigue syndrome: The disorder is characterized by a strong and chronic physical and mental exhaustion, as well as symptoms such as muscle weakness, cognitive disorders, hypersensitivity, orthostatic intolerance, digestive disturbances, depression, weak immune response, cardiac and respiratory problems

Disautonomia means any disorder or malfunction of the autonomic nervous system, including sindrrme from postural orthostatic tachycardia, mitral valve disautonomia, syncope neurocardiogenica, pure autonomic failure syndrome Shy -

Drager., Autonomic instability, and so on.

Endometriosis: When the endometrium, the tissue covering the uterus, grows outside it in other areas of the body

Idradentite suppurative (or combined acne) skin disorder that produces sweat glands and hair follicles apocrini in axillary, groin, buttocks, or under the breast in women

Interstitial cystitis: bladder disease characterized by diuresis frequent, urgent, compression and / or pain in the bladder or pelvis

Lyme disease: bacterial infection that is transmitted by bites of infected ticks. Symptoms may be similar to those of early and later events have muscoloscheltriche, arthritis, neurological, psychiatric and cardiac

Nevromiotonia (or Isaacs syndrome): spontaneous muscular activity caused by muscular hyperactivity which muscle cramps, sintmi like miotonia, excessive swelling, and sorting miochimia

Narcolepsy: neurological condition characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, difficulty sleeping at night

Psoriasis: disease of the skin and joints and causes red scaly patches on the skin

Sarcoidosis (or disease Besnier-Boeck): immune disorder characterized by inflammatory nodules in the lungs more in the lymph nodes or

Schizophrenia: psychiatric diagnosis that describes a mental illness characterized the weakening of the perception or the expression of reality, which manifests itself most commonly with auditory hallucinations, paranoid or bizarre delusions, or speech and disjointed thoughts

Scleroderma: a rare chronic disease characterized by excessive deposits of collagen on the skin and other organs

Ulcerative Colitis Some health authorities have classified as ulcerative colitis autoimmune disease. Ulcerative colitis is a form of colitis characterized by ulcers or open sores in the colon. The main symptom is diarrhea mixed with blood. It can also affect other parts of

Vitiligo: in some cases of vitiligo were discovered antibody melanocytes. The leucodermia is a serious skin disease that causes depigmentation. It seems that the origin of the disease is to be found in the combination of causes autoimmune, genetic and environmental

Vulvodinia: disorder that causes pain, burning, and vulvar discomfort. there are no obvious physical injury to the skin, or redness. the cuasi can sometimes be attributed to an injury. but in most cases the origin is unknown

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